A surge in “human metapneumovirus” cases; Everything we know about this virus and its symptoms

Recent reports from China highlight an alarming rise in respiratory infections as hospitals face overcrowding and health systems are under pressure. Viral videos from China are circulating all over the internet, worrying people about another epidemic.

The outbreak is said to be linked to HMPV (human metapneumovirus). Although posts on social media describe the situation as a crisis, neither the Chinese authorities nor the World Health Organization (WHO) have declared a state of emergency. Experts note that the increase in morbidity occurs in the winter season, when the natural peak of respiratory diseases.

What is human metapneumovirus (HMPV)?

Discovered in 2001, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is part of the Pneumoviridae family, which also includes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This virus usually causes respiratory infections with symptoms similar to the common cold or flu.

Symptoms of HMPV

HMPV often presents with the following symptoms, according to the CDC:

Cough and runny nose or stuffy nose.

Fever and sore throat.

Wheezing or shortness of breath in severe cases.

In some cases, the infection can develop into bronchitis, pneumonia or provoke an exacerbation of asthma.

How is HMPV spread?

The virus spreads in the following ways:

Through cough or sneeze drops.

Close contact, such as shaking hands or touching.

Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face (mouth, nose, or eyes).

HMPV is seasonal, circulating in late winter and spring in temperate regions, according to the CDC.

Who is most at risk?

Although HMPV can infect anyone, certain groups face a higher risk. The Cleveland Clinic emphasizes the following:

Children under 5 years old, especially babies.

Elderly people, especially over 65 years old.

People with weakened immune systems or chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Diagnostics and testing

Routine testing for HMPV is rarely done unless symptoms are severe or during an outbreak. The CDC describes several diagnostic methods:

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) to detect viral genetic material.

Immunofluorescent or immunoenzymatic analysis to determine viral antigens.

To reduce the risk of HMPV and other respiratory diseases, the CDC recommends the following preventive measures:

1. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

2. Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.

3. Wear masks in crowded places during outbreaks.

4. Stay home when you are sick to prevent the spread of the virus.

5. Clean frequently touched surfaces regularly.

Treatment options

There is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV. According to the Cleveland Clinic, treatment primarily focuses on symptom relief:

1. Hydrate and rest.

2. Use over-the-counter medications to relieve pain, congestion, and fever.

3. Severe cases may require hospitalization for oxygen therapy or intravenous fluids.

Should we be worried?

Although HMPV is contributing to the surge in respiratory infections, it is not a new virus and is not currently considered a pandemic threat. A seasonal increase in infections is expected, especially as the population is re-exposed to a variety of pathogens after being quarantined due to Covid-19. Stay informed and take preventative measures to minimize your risk of serious illness.